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The European Information Technologies Certification Institute - EITCI ASBL

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EITCI Institute ASBL

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Questions and answers designated by tag: Probability Distribution

Is this proposition true or false "For a classification neural network the result should be a probability distribution between classes.""

Wednesday, 13 March 2024 by Dimitrios Efstathiou

In the realm of artificial intelligence, particularly in the field of deep learning, classification neural networks are fundamental tools for tasks such as image recognition, natural language processing, and more. When discussing the output of a classification neural network, it is important to understand the concept of a probability distribution between classes. The statement that

  • Published in Artificial Intelligence, EITC/AI/DLPP Deep Learning with Python and PyTorch, Introduction, Introduction to deep learning with Python and Pytorch
Tagged under: Artificial Intelligence, Classification, Deep Learning, Neural Networks, Probability Distribution, Python

Under what conditions does the entropy of a random variable vanish, and what does this imply about the variable?

Saturday, 26 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The entropy of a random variable refers to the amount of uncertainty or randomness associated with the variable. In the field of cybersecurity, particularly in quantum cryptography, understanding the conditions under which the entropy of a random variable vanishes is important. This knowledge helps in assessing the security and reliability of cryptographic systems. The entropy

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/QCF Quantum Cryptography Fundamentals, Entropy, Classical entropy, Examination review
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Deterministic, Probability Distribution, Quantum Cryptography, Random Variable, Uncertainty

How does the entropy of a random variable change when the probability is evenly distributed between the outcomes compared to when it is biased towards one outcome?

Saturday, 26 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

In the field of Cybersecurity, Quantum Cryptography Fundamentals, the concept of entropy plays a important role in understanding the security of cryptographic systems. Entropy measures the uncertainty or randomness associated with a random variable, which in this context can be the outcomes of a cryptographic algorithm or the values of a secret key. In classical

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/QCF Quantum Cryptography Fundamentals, Entropy, Classical entropy, Examination review
Tagged under: Cybersecurity, Entropy, Key Generation, Probability Distribution, Quantum Cryptography

How does classical entropy measure the uncertainty or randomness in a given system?

Saturday, 26 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

Classical entropy is a fundamental concept in the field of information theory that measures the uncertainty or randomness in a given system. It provides a quantitative measure of the amount of information required to describe the state of a system or the amount of uncertainty associated with the outcome of an experiment. To understand how

  • Published in Cybersecurity, EITC/IS/QCF Quantum Cryptography Fundamentals, Entropy, Classical entropy, Examination review
Tagged under: Coin Toss, Cybersecurity, Information Theory, Probability Distribution, Randomness, Uncertainty

How is the output of the neural network model represented in the AI Pong game?

Tuesday, 08 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

In the AI Pong game implemented using TensorFlow.js, the output of the neural network model is represented in a way that enables the game to make decisions and respond to the player's actions. To understand how this is achieved, let's consider the details of the game mechanics and the role of the neural network in

  • Published in Artificial Intelligence, EITC/AI/DLTF Deep Learning with TensorFlow, Deep learning in the browser with TensorFlow.js, AI Pong in TensorFlow.js, Examination review
Tagged under: Artificial Intelligence, Decision Making, Game Mechanics, Neural Networks, Probability Distribution, Training

What does the Schrodinger equation for a free particle in one dimension describe?

Sunday, 06 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The Schrödinger equation for a free particle in one dimension is a fundamental equation in quantum mechanics that describes the behavior of a particle with no external forces acting upon it. It provides a mathematical representation of the wave function of the particle, which encodes the probability distribution of finding the particle at different positions

  • Published in Quantum Information, EITC/QI/QIF Quantum Information Fundamentals, Instroduction to implementing qubits, Schrodinger's equation for a 1D free particle, Examination review
Tagged under: Free Particle, Probability Distribution, Quantum Information, Quantum Mechanics, Schrödinger Equation, Wave Function

In the simplified one-dimensional model, how is the state of the electron described and what is the significance of the coefficient αsubJ?

Sunday, 06 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

In the simplified one-dimensional model, the state of the electron is described by a continuous quantum state. This means that the electron's position and momentum can take on any value within a certain range. The state of the electron is represented by a wavefunction, which is a mathematical function that describes the probability amplitude of

  • Published in Quantum Information, EITC/QI/QIF Quantum Information Fundamentals, Instroduction to implementing qubits, Continous quantum states, Examination review
Tagged under: Coefficient, Continuous Quantum State, Probability Distribution, Quantum Information, Quantum Mechanics, Wavefunction

Why is the probability of detection in the double slit experiment not equal to the sum of the probabilities for each slit individually?

Sunday, 06 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The double slit experiment is a fundamental experiment in quantum mechanics that demonstrates the wave-particle duality of matter and the probabilistic nature of quantum systems. In this experiment, a beam of particles, such as electrons or photons, is directed towards a barrier with two narrow slits. The particles pass through the slits and create an

  • Published in Quantum Information, EITC/QI/QIF Quantum Information Fundamentals, Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, Double slit experiment with waves and bullets, Examination review
Tagged under: Double-Slit Experiment, Probability Distribution, Quantum Information, Quantum Interference, Quantum Mechanics, Wave-Particle Duality

What is the purpose of using the softmax activation function in the output layer of the neural network model?

Saturday, 05 August 2023 by EITCA Academy

The purpose of using the softmax activation function in the output layer of a neural network model is to convert the outputs of the previous layer into a probability distribution over multiple classes. This activation function is particularly useful in classification tasks where the goal is to assign an input to one of several possible

  • Published in Artificial Intelligence, EITC/AI/TFF TensorFlow Fundamentals, TensorFlow.js, Using TensorFlow to classify clothing images, Examination review
Tagged under: Artificial Intelligence, Classification, Cross-entropy Loss, Neural Network, Probability Distribution, Softmax Activation Function
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