How many qubits can one teleport using a single Bell state of two qubits?

/ / Published in Quantum Information, EITC/QI/QIF Quantum Information Fundamentals, Quantum Entanglement, Bell and EPR

In the realm of quantum information processing, the concept of teleportation plays a important role in transmitting quantum states between distant qubits without physically moving the qubits themselves. Teleportation relies on the phenomenon of quantum entanglement, a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics that allows particles to be instantaneously correlated regardless of the distance separating them.

A single Bell state of two qubits can be used to teleport a single qubit. A Bell state, also known as a maximally entangled state, is a specific quantum state shared between two qubits that are maximally entangled with each other.

There are four Bell states, typically denoted as |Φ+⟩, |Φ-⟩, |Ψ+⟩, and |Ψ-⟩, each representing a unique entangled state of two qubits.

When teleporting a quantum state from one qubit (referred to as the sender qubit) to another qubit (referred to as the receiver qubit), the sender qubit, the receiver qubit, and an additional qubit in an entangled state (shared Bell state) collectively participate in the teleportation process. The sender qubit undergoes a joint measurement with the entangled qubit, collapsing their combined state. The measurement outcomes are then communicated to the receiver qubit, on which the receiver performs specific quantum operations based on the received measurement results to reconstruct the original quantum state of the sender qubit.

The use of a Bell state in the teleportation process is essential because it enables the establishment of a shared entangled state between the sender and receiver qubits, facilitating the transfer of quantum information with high fidelity. The entanglement present in the Bell state allows for the instantaneous correlation between the sender and receiver qubits, ensuring the successful teleportation of quantum states.

The use of a single Bell state of two qubits (distributed between the two teleportation protocol parties: sender and receiver) to establish the required entanglement for the efficient transfer of quantum information between the qubits involved in the process allows to teleport only one qubit state. The unique properties of Bell states and quantum entanglement underpin the functionality of quantum teleportation and exemplify the intriguing phenomena that quantum mechanics offers in the field of quantum information processing.

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