What is the quantum coherent information and how is it related to conditional quantum entropy?
Quantum coherent information refers to the amount of information that can be reliably transmitted or stored in a quantum system while maintaining its coherence. In the field of quantum cryptography, coherence is a important property that ensures the security of quantum communication protocols. To understand the relationship between quantum coherent information and conditional quantum entropy, it is necessary to consider the concepts of entropy and conditional entropy in the context of quantum systems.
Entropy is a fundamental concept in information theory that quantifies the uncertainty or randomness of a system. In classical information theory, entropy is defined as the average amount of information needed to describe the possible outcomes of a random variable. In the context of quantum systems, the concept of entropy is extended to quantum entropy, which captures the uncertainty associated with quantum states.
Quantum entropy is defined using the density matrix, a mathematical representation of a quantum state. For a quantum system with a density matrix ρ, the von Neumann entropy is given by:
S(ρ) = -Tr(ρ log2 ρ)
where Tr denotes the trace operation and log2 represents the logarithm base 2. The von Neumann entropy measures the amount of uncertainty or randomness in the quantum state ρ. It is important to note that the von Neumann entropy is always non-negative and reaches its maximum value when the density matrix represents a completely mixed state.
Conditional quantum entropy, on the other hand, measures the amount of uncertainty in a quantum state conditioned on some additional information. Let's consider a bipartite quantum system consisting of subsystems A and B, with density matrices ρA and ρB, respectively. The conditional quantum entropy of subsystem A given subsystem B is defined as:
S(A|B) = S(AB) – S(B)
where S(AB) is the von Neumann entropy of the joint system AB. The conditional quantum entropy quantifies the remaining uncertainty in subsystem A after measuring or obtaining information about subsystem B.
The relationship between quantum coherent information and conditional quantum entropy lies in the fact that the former can be upper-bounded by the latter. Specifically, the quantum coherent information Icoh(A:B) between subsystems A and B is defined as:
Icoh(A:B) = S(A) – S(A|B)
where S(A) is the von Neumann entropy of subsystem A. The quantum coherent information represents the maximum amount of information that can be reliably transmitted from subsystem A to subsystem B while maintaining coherence. It provides a measure of the capacity of a quantum channel for transmitting quantum information.
Quantum coherent information is the amount of information that can be transmitted or stored in a quantum system while preserving its coherence. It is related to conditional quantum entropy, which measures the remaining uncertainty in a quantum state after conditioning on additional information. The quantum coherent information is upper-bounded by the difference between the von Neumann entropy of the source system and the conditional quantum entropy, providing insights into the capacity of quantum communication channels.
Other recent questions and answers regarding EITC/IS/QCF Quantum Cryptography Fundamentals:
- How does the detector control attack exploit single-photon detectors, and what are the implications for the security of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems?
- What are some of the countermeasures developed to combat the PNS attack, and how do they enhance the security of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocols?
- What is the Photon Number Splitting (PNS) attack, and how does it constrain the communication distance in quantum cryptography?
- How do single photon detectors operate in the context of the Canadian Quantum Satellite, and what challenges do they face in space?
- What are the key components of the Canadian Quantum Satellite project, and why is the telescope a critical element for effective quantum communication?
- What measures can be taken to protect against the bright-light Trojan-horse attack in QKD systems?
- How do practical implementations of QKD systems differ from their theoretical models, and what are the implications of these differences for security?
- Why is it important to involve ethical hackers in the testing of QKD systems, and what role do they play in identifying and mitigating vulnerabilities?
- What are the main differences between intercept-resend attacks and photon number splitting attacks in the context of QKD systems?
- How does the Heisenberg uncertainty principle contribute to the security of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD)?
View more questions and answers in EITC/IS/QCF Quantum Cryptography Fundamentals